高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇整理

天天日记 31 0

高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇整理

高考英语其实并不难,把题目拆分来看,每个中等程度的同学都可能有把握做对。英语还需要注重积累,高考是不会出现过于陌生的词汇和文章。下面是小编为大家整理的高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇,希望对您有所帮助!

高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇整理 第1张

高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇

foundation=base基础

foresee=predict预测

electronic电子的

electriclight通过电工作的

electricalapplication与电有关的

establish=build创办

extinct=dieout灭绝

enormous=vast=massive=huge巨大的

monitor班长,监控,显示器

elegant=graceful优雅的

essential=vital/necessary重要的

motivate/motivation=inspire/inspiration激发

multiply乘,增加

mysterious=puzzling神秘的

erase=rub---out=wipe---away抹去

endanger=causedamageto…危害

negative/positive消极/积极

enthusiasm/pessimism乐观/悲观

facility=appliance设备

impact=effect=influence影响

efficient有效率的

effective有效果的

influential=prominent=powerful有影响力的

negotiate=discuss谈判

investigate=inspect视察

高考英语常见的重点词汇

gymnastics=gym体育馆

nevertheless=however然而

notepad=note=pad笔记本

interval=break中场休息

glory=spender辉煌,光荣

nutrition营养

intelligence智力

diligence勤奋

gallery画廊

habitat栖息地

habit习惯

nursery=kindergarten幼儿园

observe观察,遵循,庆祝

geometry几何学

astronomy天文学

generous/mean慷慨/小气

intend/intention打算

imitate=modelafter…模仿

guilty/innocent无辜的

insurance保险

heritage=culturalrelics遗产

factor=aspect=part因素

ingredient成分

高三英语语法知识点总结

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Have__a__good time!

解析:考查冠词。have a good time玩得开心。

2.Life is like __an__ ocean: Only __the__ strong-willed can reach the other shore.

解析:第一个空表示泛指,且ocean以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an;形容词前用定冠词表示一类人,the strong-willed意为“意志坚强的人”。

3.I can't tell you __the__ way to the Wilson's because we don't have __a__ Wilson here in the village.

解析:way后有介词短语作定语,表特指,所以第一空填定冠词the;泛指“一个名叫Wilson的人”,第二空填不定冠词a。

4.__The__ village where I was born has grown into __a__ town.

解析:village后有定语从句修饰,是特指,故第一空填定冠词;泛指“一座城镇”,故第二空填不定冠词a。

5.Every time there was__an__outbreak,a great number of terrified people died.

解析:there was+可数名词单数,且“outbreak”以元音音素开头,故用an。

6.__The__ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.

解析:句意为:市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news后有介词短语修饰,起限定作用,表特指,故填the。

7.In Germany, __a__ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with a great success.

解析:句意为:在德国,一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词,此处意为“一个成功的项目”,表泛指。故填不定冠词a。

8.—Mom, why can't I have __a__ new bike?

—Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.

解析:句意为:——妈妈,我为什么不能要一辆新自行车?——亲爱的,你要知道,赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词,是首次提到,此处表泛指,故用不定冠词a。

9.__The__ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.

解析:句意为:你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰,表特指,故填定冠词The。

10.Your son is in great danger and he needs __an__ immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan.

解析:句意为:你的儿子很危险,他需要紧急手术,费用为48,000元。operation为单数可数名词,且immediate为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。

11.I'd like to buy __a__ computer. Could you please give me some advice?

解析:句意为:我想买一台电脑,你能给我一些建议吗?computer为单数可数名词,此处表不确定的事物,表泛指,故填不定冠词a。

12.Zinio is __a__ platform for digital magazines, with more than 5,500 magazines from a wide range of publishers.

解析:句意为:Zinio是一个电子杂志平台,拥有来自各出版商所提供的'5,500多本杂志。platform是单数可数名词,此处指“一个平台”,表泛指,故填不定冠词a。

13.What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself __a__ second chance.

解析:句意:如果你的第一次选择错误怎么办?如果是这样,要再给自己一次机会。序数词前加不定冠词表示“再一,又一”,所以填不定冠词a。

14.—Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record?

—If you make __the__ most of your potential, there will be a rise in your achievement.

解析:句意为:——给我一些建议使我提高记录好吗?——如果你充分利用自己的潜能,你的成绩就会提高。make the most of是固定短语,意为“充分利用”,故填定冠词the。

15.With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with __a__ better command of computer skills.

解析:句意为:随着社会的发展,我们国家非常需要那些可以进行电脑操作的人才。with a command of...为惯用搭配,意为“掌握……”,故填不定冠词a。

高考英语语法重点归纳重点

一.非谓语动词

一)不定式的常考形式:

1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前

二)不定式常考的考点:

1)不定式做定语----将要发生

2)不定式做状语----目的

3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;

+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:

want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET

1995)

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式:I don't like you smoking.

完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式:This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)

1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致:

3随前一致:

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有:law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.(由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致:

a)There be +n 由名词决定动词

b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:

Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)

9The+adj的主谓一致:

a)当表示"一类人",

b)当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

英语阅读理解常见题型及解题方法

一、主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时,考生应通读全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同时注意文章的主题句,因为主题句表达中心思想,其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方,但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多,如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。

二、事实细节题

顾名思义,事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换或简单换算)。

三、代词指代题

这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义,它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时,考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意,理顺相关句子的逻辑关系,而且还要学会合理变通,尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。

四、词义猜测题

即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点,同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多,常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。

五、推理判断题

即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意:当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时,不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法,而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。